My thanks to Derek Wakefield, Meri Davis, Logan
Darklighter, Jeff "Dynamic Do-All" Blend, and Steve Harrison for
their assistance in preparation of this article, which originally appeared a few years back on starblazers.com.
Once upon a time, one of the major anime fandom groups in
the United States was based in Dallas, named after the military organization in
Star Blazers, and made up of space battleships devoted to defending the Earth
in the early 2200’s. This is their story.
Star Blazers fandom in Texas
came out of the early 80s with a salute and a table of organization thanks to
roots in both high school R.O.T.C. and Star Trek fandom. Derek Wakefield was still in Denton
high school when a January 1982 rerun of Star Blazers sparked the decision to
turn his embryonic science-fiction club into a dedicated Star Blazers fan
organization. Derek had experience in
fandom, being a SF fan introduced to the national Star Trek organization “Star
Fleet Command” by the flight commander of his school’s Air Force Junior ROTC
class.
(Derek) I was already a raving SB fan by that time. However,
I was of the belief I was probably alone in that conviction. As such, a general
SF theme seemed to be a safer bet. Once SB returned to the airwaves in
Jan 82, I opted to throw caution to the wind.
As a result of Derek’s organizational fervor and love of
Star Blazers, American anime fans would not only get a Yamato-themed fan club
with a slightly militaristic bent, but the genesis of the longest-running continuously operating anime convention in the United States.
Derek’s new SB club attracted attention through
flyers in local comic shops and a publicity blitz at “Star Con”, a Dallas
area SF convention. In the meantime
Derek was in contact with Westchester Films, who put him in touch with Mike Pinto of the Star Blazers Fan Club in New York. Not seeing eye to eye with Pinto on several
issues, Derek would build his Star Blazers club – the Earth Defense Command –
in the spirit of the Star Fleet organization he’d previously been involved
with; meaning, a naval-type organization with chapters serving as “ships”,
chapter heads as “captains”, and a hierarchical structure based on the Earth
government military as seen in Star Blazers.
(Logan
Darklighter) There was an awareness of The Star Blazers Fan Club (SBFC) in the
northeast at the very beginning (…). To be honest, one of the reasons (though
most definitely not the main one) that Derek started the EDC was in part
because he had been a member of SBFC and the leader of that club, Mike Pinto,
rubbed him the wrong way on something. I don't even know if Mike Pinto was even
aware of the EDC at the time, or if he had any antagonism towards Derek. I just
know that Derek had some mild antagonism towards Mike when the subject ever
came up. And even that antagonism was mild. More of a rivalry of sorts.
"We can do better than them" sort of thing.
(Mike Pinto) My problem with the EDC was that
I felt that what set Star Blazers apart was that it wasn't a mere cartoon aimed
at kiddies, and was in fact a serious science fiction epic that could be
watched by adults just like re-runs of Star Trek or the Star Wars film. So my
modeling a club and giving everyone faux titles like "Captain" was
just down right silly! How were we going to win over fans to anime if they came
across a closed fandom where everyone pretended they were in the show.
Certainly Star Trek fans didn't do this, and I was going to be damned if this
lot ruined anime for generations to come!
PS: Of course keep in mind that in 1980 I was just
15 years old, so the topic of a teen watchin' cartoons was a pretty sensitive
one.
August 1983 was the date of the first convention dedicated
to Japanese animation in America
–the fabled Yamato Con at the Harvey House in North Dallas.
Coordinated by a shadowy Dallas figure
known only as "Bobb", Yamato Con surfaced in 1983 and again in 1986.
The same organization sponsored another show with the name Ani-Magic. At the
first Yamato-Con, the big attraction was an entire series of Star Blazers shown
back to back, and a Yamato film screened in the original Japanese. The EDC was organized enough to attend and
distribute flyers.
(Derek)The EDC had nothing to do with that event (other than
showing up, putting out EDC flyers, and taking advantage of the co-mingling of
SB fans). However, the con and the establishment of a SB fan base in the area
did coincide during the same time period.
(Logan)The very
first convention held in the local area that was all Star Blazers oriented was
called Yamato-Con. And that was where I joined up with the EDC. I won the model
contest there. Mostly by default, as I was practically the only entrant! (But I
think I would have won anyway, with my meticulous cut-away model of the Yamato.
Which I still own, BTW)
By the early 1980s Japanese animation was an undeniable part
of American popular culture. Anime – “Japanimation”
or “Japanime” as it was then known - was carving out its own fandom niche
alongside Star Trek, Doctor Who, and other media fandoms. Audiences enjoyed Star Blazers, Battle Of The Planets, the Jim Terry “Force Five” package of super robot cartoons, and reruns
of earlier shows like Speed Racer and Astro Boy, as well as a steady
infiltration of toys and model kits marketed to an America hungry for science
fiction in the post Star Wars era. Anime
comics, manga, model kits, LPs and other merchandise were available at SF
conventions and the cooler comic shops, and fan organizers were already
beginning to marshal their forces on a regional and national level to create
the anime fandom of the 80s and beyond. Though shrouded in obscurity, Yamato
Con’s existence is proof of Japanese animation’s impact in early 1980s America.
At Yamato Con, the star attraction was a copy of Be Forever
Yamato with commentary provided by Jeff Blend.
In the audience was Meri Davis, who would later go on to head not just
the EDC but also Project A-Kon, the first continuously-operating Japanese
animation convention in the United States.
As she puts it, “I heard Jeff translating Be Forever Yamato from the front of
the room, and realized there was a lot more to the genre than just the series
we'd seen on TV.”
Jeff and Derek and the burgeoning EDC would become the go-to
guys for showing Yamato and any other anime at any Dallas
area science-fiction fandom social event.
(Jeff Blend)There was a convention being held downtown. The actual con was being held in an
underground parking garage (that’s what they thought of Sci-Fi fans, I
suppose). Anyway, the convention had
agreed to allow us to show this Yamato stuff.
They basically roped off a section of this garage with bedsheets to form
a room that held maybe twenty chairs. We
showed a multi-generation copy of Be Forever Yamato with no subtitles (in those
days, there was no such thing as subtitled pro copies – and we watched and
liked it, damn it! We had fun trying to
guess the plot and making up our own dialogue – a non-parodied version of
MST3K, you might say). If I recall, we
didn’t do too bad with the results – we certainly had people curious, some even
stuck it out to watch.
United in their love for Star Blazers, Meri and Derek would
join forces. The EDC began to have regular meetings, screen anime at SF
conventions (particularly Larry Lankford’s Dallas Fantasy Fair), and reach out
to anime fandom on a national level. At its late 80s peak the EDC had chapters
in several states and a membership in the 300-400 person range. The primary
means of communication and participation for members outside the Dallas
“Metroplex” area was the fanzine NOVA and
the newsletter WHISPERS OF ISCANDAR. The EDC would also publish an interim
newsletter (“Sunburst”), an all-comics companion to NOVA
titled SHONEN WILDSTAR, and SASHA'S SOLILOQUY, a collection of fan art.
Dues to join the EDC started off at $5 a year and were
adjusted upwards to $7, $8, and $10 (as of 1993). Members were promised quarterly issues of NOVA
and WHISPERS. In practice, both fanzines
appeared roughly twice a year. NOVA
began as a 8.5 x 11-sized magazine, spent a few issues as a digest, and
returned to the full-page format for the remainder of its run. Early articles included synopses of the
various Yamato films and TV series, with notable exceptions being articles
about Mobile Suit Gundam and fan fiction including Logan Darklighter’s epic
saga “Between Galaxies”, one of the earliest Star Blazers fanfics. Robotech
fever struck NOVA #8 (1986) with a Macross
feature and an interview with Carl Macek. By the next issue of NOVA,
characters ranging from Lupin III to Eve
Tokumatsuri to Captain Harlock paraded across the pages.
My own involvement with the EDC started with a flyer I
picked up at an Atlanta Fantasy Fair in the summer of 1984. I came home from the convention astonished
that fans of Star Blazers existed beyond myself and my friends, and that there
were enough of them to start a fan club.
After sending my membership check off to Texas,
my next contact with the EDC was a telephone call from Derek asking me if I was
interested in becoming head of my own EDC chapter in the Southeast. Boy, would I!
I really didn’t give the naval organization of the EDC much
thought. It was a Star Blazers club,
that’s all that mattered. I would have
joined the Masons, a clown college or the Communist Party if they’d promised me
Star Blazers fandom.
The EDC always was faced with the disinterest the majority
of its members held towards the paramilitary organizational “warship = chapter”
thing. Most EDC members were there for
the anime fandom; the zines and the meetings and copies of Be Forever Yamato
were most important. Reading the newsletters from the 1983-1985 period, several
motifs are evident; difficulty in printing and distribution of fanzines,
problems in starting chapters and keeping chapters active, and a general
frustration at trying to fit the square peg of military task-force-based
organization into the whatever-gets-us-anime round hole of fandom.
(Meri) I remember as the secretary of the EDC, typing the
fanzine (Nova) and the newsletter (Whispers of
Iscandar) at work when nobody was looking (or staying late to sneak
copies using trash paper to try to save a buck…)
In the days before the desktop publishing revolution,
producing fanzines was, let’s be honest, a tremendous hassle. Text had to be
typed out on an old-fashioned typewriter. Typos were corrected with
white-out. Spaces for illustrations were
created by judicious use of the tab key or the carriage return. Headlines and logos had to be hand-drawn, or
lettered using rub-down Letraset type.
Once ready to print, you had to find a copy machine. In the days before Kinkos assumed dominance,
photocopies were expensive, difficult to find, and varied widely in quality.
Then came the tedious business of typing out address labels,
putting zines in envelopes, and schlepping the whole mess to the post office,
who would proceed to lose a third of the mailing and mangle the remainder. It was a struggle for a local fan club with
20 or 30 members; producing and mailing out a 60 page magazine to hundreds of
people was a Herculean task.
As the 80s progressed, the EDC would ditch the more unwieldy
military appellations and concentrate upon its core competencies – fanzines
with plenty of fan art and fan fiction and whatever anime news could be gleaned
from primary and secondary sources, backed up with convention anime screenings
and a tape distribution service that provided the lifeblood of anime fandom,
anime on videotape.
The only other national anime club - the C/FO – would
eventually splinter into dozens of independent anime clubs. However, with a core group of dedicated Dallas
area fans enthusiastic about the medium and willing to work hard to bring anime
into the spotlight, the EDC proved a central organization could play a role in
anime fandom.
(Meri) I remember carting vid recorders and tapes to Ft Worth
for their chapter meetings in a local rec center (long drive, big clunky
equipment) and taking our own TV, vid recorder (this was the day of the
top-loading VHS recorders that weighed a ton) and tapes to meetings in rec
centers in Dallas monthly for a long time.
(Logan) Based on
our rep that we made, the EDC ran the "Japanimation" rooms at the Dallas
Fantasy Fairs and a couple of other local conventions. We were pretty tightly
organized too. We had a set schedule of people there to run the machines and
even to provide color commentary and explanations for what was happening
on-screen when there were no subtitles, which were rare back then. We sometimes
had people reading from a script translated from various sources in order to
allow people to get the gist of the story. It was all rather intensive.
The man MOST responsible for keeping these operations all
organized and running like they should was Jeff Blend. He did SO much work that
he became known, somewhat jokingly, but always with great affection, as
"the Dynamic Do-All" (in reference to the machine shop in the lower
part of the Yamato where they made all the spare parts for the ship).
I REALLY want to stress this - Jeff Blend was THE go-to guy
in the local fandom. Derek Wakefield and later Meri were good at organizing
"the big picture", but if you wanted something copied, if you wanted
the scripts, if you wanted the raw information, if you wanted something DONE. NOW.
You went to Jeff. And he worked with everybody, regardless of fan politics.
(…) Jeff deserves more recognition for
what he accomplished for fandom. Much more.
After a few years Meri was editing all the EDC publications
and a crew of talented people were handling the operations of the club; Guy
Brownlee would provide slick artwork for NOVA
and act as convention liason; Jeff Blend continued to function as the “Dynamic
Do-All”, collating all the translated information he could get his hands on and
copying hundreds of hours of anime per month for anyone who asked. Logan
Darklighter and Lee Madison provided hundreds of pieces of anime fan art for NOVA
and related publishing projects. Tommie
Dunnam, JP Reader, Max McArn, Tim
Collier, Bud Cox, Lynn Hayes, Kenneth Mayes, Pat Munson-Siter, Bruce Lewis,
James Staley, Robert Jenks, Edith DeGolyer, and scores of others worked
tirelessly in the ranks of the EDC.
The slightly vindictive SDF Ft-Worth newsletter; YUKI, published by the Southeast chapter
Not without problems, however; whenever there are fans there
are fan politics, and the Dallas
area’s hothouse environment and the long history of fandom in the area meant
that opportunities for drama and troublemaking were never far off. A feud with the San Antonio C/FO club is now
shrouded in the mists of time, but it caused real distress among the
participants. The Fort Worth chapter of
the EDC splintered off into its own organization and published a newsletter
seemingly for the sole purpose of complaining about a Ft. Worth convention and
asking what was holding up the latest issue of NOVA. At one point the head of another anime club
attempted a hostile takeover of the entire EDC organization. The situation resembled the fan feuds of
today, minus the lightning quickness provided by our modern high-speed
internet.
Over time the focus of the EDC shifted away from Star
Blazers and towards Japanese animation as a whole. By 1987 issues of NOVA
frequently featured articles on new OVAs like Iczer One, television shows such
as Robotech and Saber Rider, fan fiction from Lensman and Voltron, and articles
on older series like Speed Racer and Gundam as well as newer fare like Megazone
23 and Wings of Honneamise. Artwork and
comics included work from professionals like Ben Dunn, Colleen Doran, Tim
Eldred, Dave Sim, the Waltrip brothers and Mike Manning, not to mention scores
of amateur fan artists of every skill level.
 |
| fan art by Ken Mayes from NOVA |
The focus away from Star Blazers alienated some of the older
fans, in particular Derek Wakefield, who would resign from the EDC in 1987, but
the growing appeal of and appreciation
for the entire medium of Japanese animation was undeniable. It would be years before Japanese anime fan
culture in America
would become sophisticated and knowledgeable enough to factionalize.
Ironically, American anime fandom gained that sophistication and knowledge in
part due to the convention anime screenings, the fanzines, the tape traders and
the culture of the EDC and its staff and contributors.
It’s this skilled group of EDC staffers that in 1990 would
create Project A-Kon - a anime-themed
convention in Dallas aimed squarely
at the audience the EDC had been cultivating for most of the 1980s.
(Meri) A-Kon started when a group of EDC'ers were at a
general SF show (Star One in very late 1989) sat around talking with the head
of the local Dallas EDC chapter Robert Jenks, who was going to permanently move
out of state). The wish went out that 'gee everybody else has a convention, I
wish we could put on an anime con before Rob has to leave' and (I) talked with
the heads of Star One who gave tips, advice and hints on how this could be done
(although way more expensively than first thought), and proposed it to the group at the next EDC
meeting the following month. A group of longtime EDCers including Edith
DeGolyer, Guy Brownlee, Steve Treiber (who first proposed the name Project:
A-Kon as a double pun on the words = it was a Project: (to put on an) Anime
Convention (switching the C for the Japanese K),and playing off of Project: A-Ko the anime show, which was still
popular and new) and several others stepped up to run various departments, as
they had already been working at other shows in various capacities over the
years.
In addition to being an EDC staffer and a Project A-Kon
volunteer, Robert Jenks would start his own Dallas
anime convention, AnimeFest, which continues to this day.
Project A-Kon took off, computer networks began to take the
place of print fanzines, and the new availability of Japanese animation in the
American home video market began to replace the fan distribution system. The need for a national anime fan club
diminished at almost the same rate as the enthusiasm of the members shifted
from fan club activity to convention planning.
(Logan)
Ultimately, what killed the whole concept of the club - ANY club, not just the
EDC - was how irrelevant fan clubs were becoming with the much more ready availability
of films and merchandise and Anime Conventions themselves. And of course, then
there was the Internet. With people able to communicate over the internet, what
(was the) need of fanclubs and their printed newsletters? If you can get your
info and tapes from conventions or even ordering straight from online, who
needs to go to someone distributing tapes?
By 1993 the EDC would
be absorbed within the Project A-Kon organization. Without TV reruns or a home
video release Star Blazers had ceased to be a “gateway” to anime fandom and certainly
wasn’t popular enough to build a national fan club on, and anyway, the whole idea of a national anime club was fast becoming irrelevant. As the 90s ended, anime conventions replaced anime clubs as the
primary focus of fandom in just about every major metropolitan center in the United
States.
The Earth Defense Command vanished not with a wave-motion bang but with
the noisy buzz of anime convention crowds and computer modems.
Most EDC organizers continue to participate in anime fandom;
Meri still runs Project A-Kon, attended by 14500 people last year. Derek spearheaded the Yamato APA
“Starsha” for several years and is still involved in Yamato fan fiction
projects. Jeff Blend continues to enjoy
anime, particulary Rozen Maiden and Romeo X Juliet, as well as Avatar The Last
Airbender. Logan Darklighter describes
himself as more of a manga fan these days. EDC chapter heads and members around the country went
on to fill anime fandom with their own zines, clubs, conventions, and blogs.
The EDC is now merely a fond memory, but for a decade it was
on the forefront of America’s
anime fandom culture. Those involved look back warmly on print fanzines,
narrated video rooms, fan feuds, 13th
generation copies of Yamato The New Voyages with the video glitch when Iscandar
explodes… but for all its hassles, the EDC was part of a tightly knit group of
true believers working for a better tomorrow, or at least a tomorrow with more
anime in it. The success of Japanese
animation in America
today is a testament to that vision.
-Dave Merrill
EDC promotional artwork by Guy Brownlee
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